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Gerhard Schöpfel (19 December 1912 – 17 May 2003) was a German World War II Luftwaffe 45-victory flying ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ((ドイツ語:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes)). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He held the position of Geschwaderkommodore of fighter wing Jagdgeschwader 26. ==Military career== Gerhard "Gerd" Schöpfel was born on 19 December 1912 at Erfurt in Thüringen. He was originally a member of the police force but transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1936. Following completion of his flying training, Schöpfel was initially assigned to I./Jagdgeschwader 233 (JG 233—233rd Fighter Wing). However, in June 1938 he was transferred to the ''Stab'' (HQ) flight of I./Jagdgeschwader 334 (JG 334—334th Fighter Wing), which became I./Jagdgeschwader 132 (JG 132—132nd Fighter Wing) and, ultimately, I./Jagdgeschwader 26 (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing). ''Oberleutnant'' Schöpfel took command of 9./JG 26 (9th Squadron) on its formation on 23 September 1939.〔Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries website.〕 Schöpfel gained his first victory during the Battle of France, a Royal Air Force (RAF) Hawker Hurricane near Courtrai on 19 May 1940. He added to his score over the beaches of Dunkirk during the evacuation of the British Army. He was very successful during the Battle of Britain, and on 18 August 1940 he shot down four Hawker Hurricanes from No. 501 Squadron RAF in one sortie over Canterbury, England. P/O Bland was killed, and Sgt Kozlowski bailed out burnt. The other two victims in this engagement were notable RAF fighter pilots; Sgt. Donald McKay (20 confirmed and 4 damaged victories) who bailed out wounded, and P/O Kenneth Lee (7 confirmed and 1 damaged victories), who also bailed out wounded.〔Aces of the Luftwaffe website.〕 ''Hauptmann'' Schöpfel became ''Gruppenkommandeur'' (group commander) of III./JG 26 when Göring promoted Adolf Galland (104 victories, RK-Br) to ''Geschwaderkommodore'' (wing commander) of JG 26 on 22 August 1940, and on the same day shot down a Spitfire of No. 65 Squadron, his 13th victory. Soon afterward, on 11 September 1940, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on achieving 20 victories (the 11th Luftwaffe pilot to reach that mark). On 1 December 1941 he was promoted to ''Major'' and on 6 December 1941 became ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of JG 26 when Galland was again promoted, this time to ''General der Jagdflieger''. Through 1942, JG 26 and Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) were the only defence in northern France as the RAF took the fight back to them. On 19 August 1942, over the Dieppe landings and now in the rugged Fw190A, he shot down two Spitfires for his 41st and 42nd victories. Schöpfel left JG 26 on 10 January 1943, with 45 victories, to take up a number of administrative roles - firstly as the I-a (Operations Officer) at ''Jafü Brittany''. He then went to serve as Fighter Operations Officer for the South Italy Command from July (during the critical Sicily landings) and then ''Jafü'' (Fighter Leader) Norway from November. He returned to a combat command on 1 May 1944, briefly joining the staff of III./Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) for a month. This was based in Germany on Reich Defence, and he mentored the newly promoted ''Gruppenkommandeur'' Siegfried Schnell who had previously commanded the 9./JG 2 squadron alongside Schöpfel on the Channel Front. Then on 1 June 1944, he was appointed ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of the newly set up Jagdgeschwader 4, also based on Defence of the Reich. The original ''Gruppe'' I./JG 4, formed in mid 1943, had previously been based in Romania defending the oilfields, and was currently based in northern Italy. The new II. and III./JG 4 ''Gruppen'' were authorised in mid July, and I./JG 4 transferred to Germany to join them to bring his ''Geschwader'' up to full strength. However, on 6 August he was shot down in combat and wounded near Schwerin flying Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 (''Werknummer'' 440728—factory number).〔Aces of the Luftwaffe website.〕 His injuries were serious enough that he had to give up his command on 6 August to ObstLt Gerhard Michalski. Following recovery from his wounds, in November 1944 Schöpfel was appointed as ''Jafü'' (Fighter Leader) Hungary. In February 1945 he commanded the ''Luftkriegsschule 2'' (training school) at Gatow. On 10 April he was appointed the final ''Geschwaderkommodore'' of Jagdgeschwader 6 (JG 6—6th Fighter Wing) based in northern Czechoslovakia. Unluckily, even though he had only been based on the Eastern Front for a month, at war's end Schöpfel became a prisoner of the Russians and was interned in Soviet prisons for four and a half years before finally returning to Germany in December 1949.〔Aces of the Luftwaffe website.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gerhard Schöpfel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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